This book considers one of the most important fragments of early Greek lyric (Alkaios frag. 140 V.) as a means of communication, a revolutionary ode in which the exiled poet addresses the conspirators who have remained behind in their native city. They should take up the arms which were taken from their enemies and dedicated in the temple, and overthrow the tyrant. It is a letter in ode form that serves as a pattern throughout classical culture, and reflects the purpose and meaning not only of Alkaios, but of all other compositions of this category. Alkaios' text is analysed with regard to its later varied use in all of Graeco-Roman culture.