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农奴制度的革命斗争。屠格涅夫强调全民族的利益和各个阶级的联合，便掩盖了当时俄国阶级斗争的实质等。 《父与子》写平民出身的大学生巴扎罗夫到贵族出身的同学家中做客，他的民主主义观点与同学的父辈自由主义贵族帕维尔格格不入，二人为此展开辩论。小说反映了父与子两代人之间，平民与贵族两个阶级之间的观念冲突，肯定了平民知识分子在社会斗争中的主导作用，揭露了贵族的无能与精神空虚。此作品问世之后在社会上引导起了激烈争论。（On the Eve, Fathers and Sons were composed by Ivan Turgenev. In the long novel On the Eve, aristocratic miss Elena dissatisfied with mediocre noble life and longed to act, but she failed to find ideal friend among Russian intellectuals.Then she met Bulgarian patriot Insarov, who dedicated all to national liberation. Elena fell in love with him and abandoned his noble family. Then they went to Bulgaria to attend the revolt against Turkey oppression. On their way to Bulgaria died and Elena decided to become a volunteer nurse and fulfill her husband's dream. While composing this novel, Turgenev believed Russia is on the eve of revolution to abolish serfdom. He put his ideal of "new man" on Elena and Insarov, who sacrificed themselves for the sake of national interests. However, at that time, Russia is confronted with revolution against serfdom. What Turgenev stressed is national interests and the union of various classes, covering the nature of Russian class struggle. In the novel of Fathers and Sons, the college student Bazarov, who was born as an ordinary person, paid a visit to the home of his classmate, who was an aristocrat. Because his nihilism conflicted with the liberism of his classmate's father's brother Pavel, the two debated against each other. The novel reflected the idea conflict between father and son, ordinary people and aristocrat and affirmed the leading role of plain intellectuals in the social struggle and revealed the incompetence and spiritual emptiness. This work triggered heated debate in the society after publicity. ）
