人类曾经开创多处(主要有五处)文明摇篮，后来渐渐融合成为少数几种地区的传统文明。传统文明中的精华部分彼此学习交流，到全球化时代融合成为国际"共创、共有、共享"的现代文明。今天世界各国都生活在现代文明和传统文明的双重文明之中。现代文明和传统文明的关系是一方面求同、一方面存异，一方面一体化、一方面多样化，相辅相成，协同前进。人类的认识发展大致可以分为三个阶段：(1)神学阶段，(2)玄学阶段，(3)科学阶段。神学的特点是依靠天命，上帝的意志是不许盘问的。玄学的特点是重视推理，推理以预定的教条为出发点。科学的特点是重视实证，实证没有先决条件，可以反复检验，不设置禁区。"实践是检验真理的唯一标准"，认识这一条原理，足以防止"从科学回到空想"的倒退。"唯一标准"就是一元性。科学的真伪分别，要用实践、实验、实证来测定，不服从"强权即公理"的指令。历史学作为一门现代科学，它的生命、它的根本，在于什么呢?在于真相和真知。(Humans have created many (mainly five) cradles of civilization, which gradually integrated into the traditional civilization of few regions. The best part of traditional culture should be learnt from each, and becomes a modern civilization by all, for all and of all in the globalization era. Today all countries are living in modern civilization and traditional civilization. The relation between modern civilization and traditional culture is seeking common ground while reserving differences, integration and diversification, complementary, and moving forward together. The development of human knowledge can be divided into three stages: (1) the theological stage, (2) the metaphysical stage, (3) scientific stage. Theology is characterized by relying on fate, and God's will is not allowed to be asked. Metaphysics is characterized by its emphasis on reasoning, which takes predetermined dogma as the starting point. Science is characterized by its emphasis on evidence, and demonstration does not have preconditions, so it can be repeatedly tested without limits. Understanding the principle of "Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth" is sufficient to prevent retrogression "from science to fantasy". "The only criterion" is monism. Scientific authenticity should be tested by practice, experiments and demonstration, not subject to the command of "might is right". As a modern science, what's life and fundament of history? It's truth and true knowledge. )