本书基于俄罗斯宗教哲学思想与西方哲学思想，剖析了陀思妥耶夫斯基和托尔斯泰的存在主义创作实践，进而探究俄罗斯文学中的存在主义产生的根源及特点。作者对安德列耶夫、别雷、索洛古勃、勃留索夫、阿赫玛托娃、茨维塔耶娃、蒲宁、纳博科夫、加兹达诺夫、什梅廖夫等作家和白银时代诗人作品中的存在主义特点予以承继角度的梳理和解读，归纳出20世纪上半叶俄罗斯文学中的存在主义的基本特征。同时通过将俄罗斯文学中的存在主义传统置于世界文化语境下的研究，揭示出其在世界存在主义文学中的意义和地位。（Based on the Russian religious philosophy and the western philosophy, this book analyzes the creative practice of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy for the existentialism to further explore the origins and characteristics of the existentialism in Russian literature. By combing and interpreting the characteristics of the existentialism in the works of Andeleef, Bely, Sologub, Valery Bryusov, Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Bunin, Nabokov, Gazdanov, Shmelev, etc, as well as in the works of the poets at the Silver Age from the perspective of inheritance, the author summarizes the basic characteristics of existentialism in the Russian literature in the first half of the 20th century. At the same time, based on the study over the existentialism tradition in the Russian literature under the world cultural context, the author reveals its significance and status in the world's existentialism literature.）