Dementia is a disease in which brain tissue degenerates to the extent of loss of memory and other intellectual abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life.In Dementia there is a severe and progressive decline in mental function.It affects a person's ability to:1. think, remember and reason2. learn new information and skills3. solve problems and make judgementWhat is the cause of Dementia?There are several different factors which may contribute to its development.They can be divided into:1. Irreversible conditionsa. Aging is one important risk factor.Alzheimer's Diseaseb. Strokec. Parkinson's disease2. Reversible conditionsa. Hypothyroidismb. Vitamin B12 deficiencyc. Alcohol dependence diseasesIrreversible Dementia cannot be cured but it may be possible to slow down the progression of the disease.It may be possible treat the cognitive symptoms.Potentially reversible dementia may be curable.What are the Symptoms of Dementia?1. Memory loss or Forgetfulness is often one of the earliest symptoms (Patients may forget dates, names of common objects and familiar people)2. Confusion (Disorientation in time and place)3. Trouble with organizing4. Misplacing things,5. Difficulty in expressing thoughts,6. Difficulty performing familiar tasks7. Difficulty understanding others8. Poor or decreased judgment9. Wandering and getting lost in familiar places10. Changes in mood and behavior (They may become easily agitated or depressed)a. Changes in personalityb. paranoiac. hallucinationsd. agitatione. anxietyf. sleep problemsHow is Dementia assessed and investigated?Diagnosis can be based on:1. History of depression, anxiety, hallucination, paranoia, agitation or sleep problems2. Various tests may be done to exclude other conditions that may be causing the same problems:a. blood sugar, thyroid hormone, vitamin B12 levelb. CT Scan or MRI of the brain to exclude tumors or strokeThe family doctor can refer the patient to a psychiatrist for further assessment if dementia is suspected.TABLE OF CONTENTChapter 1 DementiaChapter 2 Alzheimer's DiseaseChapter 3 AgingChapter 4 Epilogue