The importance of performance measurement has been widely acknowledged by practitioners and academics in many aspects like management control purposes and incentives. Hu et al. explore how networks of boards of directors affect the usage of relative performance evaluation (RPE) in CEO compensation. Balanced scorecard has been proposed as a mixture of financial and non-financial measures of performance since the early 1990s. Liu et al. reveal contingent factors influencing the effectiveness of balanced scorecard in a particular firm. Information technology has played a critical part in smooth communication and operation of all departments in a firm. Luo and Bose propose the usage of EVA in assessing firm performance related to information technology investment. Investment performance can be influenced by market anomalies. Faff et al examine the impact of female board membership on the profitability of corporate insider purchases. Nartea and Cheema examine the presence of rational speculative bubbles in the Malaysian stock market. Manuscripts in this ebook contribute to a better understanding of the use and effectiveness of performance measurement and market anomalies.