This e-book contains a selection of papers presented at the 16th International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM 2004) which was held in Cracow, Poland on 5-8 September 2004. ICEM is the only major international conference devoted entirely to electrical machines and is now established as a regular biennial event. This e-book of twenty papers is guest edited by Professor Slawomir Wiak in conjunction with Guest Editors, Professor Maria Dems and Professor Kryzsztof Komeza, all of the Technical University of Lodz.

The main aim of ICEM is to discuss recent developments of modeling and simulation methodologies, control systems, testing, measurements, monitoring and diagnostics, advanced software methodology, etc. applied in electrical drives. The conference is intended to be a forum for applied mathematicians, computer and software engineers, and electrical engineers to exchange ideas, experience on the new developments, trends and applications from industrial and academic viewpoints on the topic. Specifically the ICEM conferences aim at joining theory and practice thus the majority of the papers published in this collection are deeply rooted in engineering problems whilst also having a strong theoretical basis.