Unlock the potential of biochar for climate-smart agriculture in developing countries. This study explores biochar systems for smallholders, leveraging current knowledge to explore future potential for climate-smart agriculture. This report reviews opportunities and risks of biochar systems, including soil and agricultural impacts, climate change effects, social impacts, and biomass use. It offers a reconciling view on different scientific opinions about biochar, showing the various perspectives of its science and application. Discover how biochar systems can: - Improve soil fertility and crop yields - Mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration - Enhance energy access in rural communities For researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking sustainable agricultural solutions.