Simone I. Flynn starts off with an explanation of the underlying principles that comprise corporate financial strategy, namely value-based management, cost analysis, capital budgeting, and strategic planning. Marie Gould determines that “in order for an organization to be successful, they must create a strategic plan that will position the firm for growth and competitiveness.” These strategic plans also play an integral role in the corporate decision-making process. This is further seen when Edwin D. Davison provides real-life examples of corporate strategy and decision-making before discussing the duties of the chief financial officer and the financial arms of corporations. Marlanda English notes how these entities are responsible for decision-making with regard to dividends, financing, investments, and capital management. Investors and other corporate managers also play a hand in shaping a corporation’s financial policy; according to Carolyn Sprague, however, many investors concern themselves more with short-term financial reward rather than long-term corporate growth.