There have been few independent field studies on the safety and performance of Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs) and other less-lethal devices. Such studies are critical for informing the public debate regarding the appropriateness of these technologies for law enforcement and for the development of sound law enforcement policies to guide their proper and effective application. This e-book on less-lethal technology brings together contributors with expertise in a variety of areas related less-lethal weapons and police use of force.