The use of indicators in government has a long history and today performance measurement seems to have become a permanent part of public administration and public administration research. With a constant pressure for more measurement, the focus often falls on the technicalities of measurement. The articles in this e-book attempt to evaluate different aspects of performance measurement and performance management practice, such as: whether performance measurement contributes to a more efficient public sector; the potential negative effects of being labelled as a bad performer; the requirements and wishes of recipients of performance information compared to those preparing the information, and setting standards for performance reporting; how a political change has an impact on the reform discourse and the reform decisions. These papers were earlier presented at an annual meeting of the Permanent Study Group on Productivity and Quality in the Public Sector, a part of the European Group of Public Administration (EGPA).