This e-book explores the under-representation of women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). Research and policy have continuously identified a number of barriers, including discrimination, stereotypes, the very nature of the scientific culture, organisational culture, work-life balance and family issues and a lack of female role models. This e-book presents some recent findings of research into women in STEM with contributions from international authors in the USA, Australia and the United Kingdom (UK). The papers generally focus on those scientific disciplines in which women are predominantly under-represented, namely, mathematics, computer science and engineering.