In his Preface to the United Nations World Economic and Social Survey 2006, the United Nations Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, observed:"Our world is richer than ever before, but it is also marked by enormous inequalities, both within and between countries. The average annual income of someone living in the world’s richest country, Luxembourg, is more than one hundred times larger than that of the average citizen of Sierra Leone, one of the world’s poorest. Such big differences in living standards should be a matter of great concern, because they reflect serious inequalities in life opportunities."As academics, researchers, and business professionals, what can we do about this state of affairs? Can business contribute? Should it? How can we help those nations in need develop sustainable growth, and ensure their rewards are used appropriately? These are all questions that many have tried to answer, and few have succeeded. The authors featured in this special issue attempt to offer some alternative views on how business can contribute to the fight to make poverty history.