The Open African Innovation Research and Training (Open A.I.R.) project focused on the intersection of innovation, intellectual property (IP), and development in Africa and this book offers its research findings. Its case studies cover nine African countries—Egypt, Nigeria, Ghana, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Mozambique, Botswana, and South Africa—looking at IP rights in a range of sites of innovation: agricultural production, biofuel technology, traditional medicine, research collaboration, automotive manufacturing, music production, and scholarly publishing.