Advances in Energy Systems and Technology, Volume 4 covers articles about energy systems and technology. The book discusses articles about atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), including anthropogenic sources of CO2, the effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on climate, and the effects of climate changes and direct CO2 impacts. The text also describes automobile pollution control with regard to complex chemical and physical processes that take place during combustion in automobile engines and the reduction of the levels of pollution emitted by internal combustion engines. The statistical perspective on world oil resources, as well as the historical perspective on electricity and energy use and on the relationship of electricity to gross national product, is also considered. The book further explores the relationship between economic activity and energy use and uninterrupted trend toward increasing electrification in the United States. Professional workers in the field of energy systems and technology as well as those of university students at the graduate or advanced undergraduate level will find the book useful.