The culmination of a series of events held over two years by leading music educators in an homage to the famous Tanglewood symposium of 1967, this study prods the profession to examine what the future of music education is. It provokes a reevaluation of present programs and philosophies and tired methodologies while reinvigorating the role music educators play in the lives of their students. As the contributors explore the role of music, what it communicates, and what the impact of world music should be, they tackle questions such as, What is the latest research about nature versus nurture and its impact on music learning? How does the child-teacher relationship affect learning? and How does technology impact music learning, and what are the implications of future technologies? among others. Tanglewood II seeks to reenergize and reimagine the concept of music education and its impact on society.