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A multi-year, collaborative study was conducted to investigate the fate and transport of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in soil and turfgrass systems irrigated with recycled water. The study involved laboratory adsorption and degradation studies, controlled lysimeter studies, and field-scale monitoring of drainage concentrations and mass flux below fairways on four different golf courses. Fourteen different compounds were monitored in the drainage and irrigation waters in these studies.

In summary, the results support the use of recycled water for irrigation purposes, as long as sound, science-based irrigation management practices are implemented. The use of recycled water allows communities to extend their water resources while minimizing the discharge of such waters into aquatic systems.