Though the use of various spectroscopic methods and sensor technology is routine in water quality evaluation. Coupled with artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning methods are opening a new era of quality monitoring and predictive analysis. This book acquaints experienced readers with recent advances and how these techniques are finding applications in water analysis for sectors including environmental protection, industry, agriculture, and drinking water provision. Taking a bottom-up approach the work is also suited for an interdisciplinary readership who may not have direct experience in a particular technique. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of data with the help of observed data is included, as are case studies. Part of IOP Series in Spectroscopic Methods and Applications.