This book showcases some of the research that was presented at the RTESD 2023, the 3rd international conference on recent trends in environment and sustainable development, with topics that explore important global issues. This book covers cutting-edge research and creative solutions in four key areas: nanomaterials in biological applications, renewable energy, agrifood, and sustainability. Discussions about environment protection cover a wide range of topics, including how to manage environment resources sustainably, how to improve governance, and the effects of climate change. Chapters on energy production, urban and industrial systems, governance issues, and the crucial shift towards circular economies are all included in the section on energy. The Agrifood domain looks into innovative food processing techniques, the impact of climate change on food production, and sustainable agricultural practises. As a final note, the Sustainability segment covers a wide range of subjects, including the sustainability of the bioeconomy, cyber-physical systems, the effects of climate change, and resource efficiency, supporting the urgent need for a comprehensive strategy for achieving global sustainability.