This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the systems, institutions, and actors that shape global political economy and governance. From the historical roots of mercantilism to the complexities of modern trade wars and climate diplomacy, it unpacks the forces driving international cooperation and conflict. Designed for students, researchers, and policy enthusiasts, the book blends theory with current events—including WTO coalitions, BRICS dynamics, and the evolving role of non-state actors. Each chapter builds a layered understanding of how global trade and governance intersect with development, power, and reform in the 21st century.