The poultry sector is one of the fastest-growing segments in Indian agriculture today, with an impressive average annual growth rate of 6 to 8 percent. In 2018–19, India produced an estimated 103.3 billion eggs and 4.06 million tonnes of poultry meat. Contributing ?1347.57 billion, the poultry sector holds a significant 12.91 percent share in the total livestock output. It provides direct employment to around 40 lakh individuals and indirect employment to 2.5 crore people.Over the decades, the Indian poultry sector has undergone a revolutionary transformation—from a small-scale backyard activity to a large-scale, commercial agro-based industry. Continuous efforts in the adoption, modification, and application of modern technologies have propelled diversified growth in poultry and allied sectors. Key egg-producing states include Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and West Bengal, while Maharashtra, Haryana, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh lead in poultry meat production.This book covers a broad spectrum of topics ranging from the historical evolution of the poultry sector to its current status. It offers insights into the contributions of various sectoral components at global, national, and regional levels. Additionally, it discusses vital issues such as marketing, trade, government policies, sectoral challenges, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Comprising 15 well-structured chapters, this book is designed to benefit all stakeholders in the poultry sector, including students, researchers, policymakers, entrepreneurs, and industry professionals.