This book, entitled Non-structural Carbohydrates and Rust Resistance in Wheat, is a comprehensive resource that addresses a variety of topics within the broader subject matter. The book is divided into several chapters that cover some of the most widely investigated themes in the field, including an overview of non-structural carbohydrates in plants, biochemistry of non-structural carbohydrates in plants, the potential roles of non-structural carbohydrates under abiotic stress conditions, opportunities to explore non-structural carbohydrates for grain development under high temperature and drought conditions, a guide for marker-assisted selection of combinations of rust resistance genes in wheat, a snapshot of nine decades of wheat rust research in the Indian subcontinent, and methods for estimating non-structural carbohydrates. The book aims to provide valuable information about non-structural carbohydrates and rust resistance in plants.