The book is designed as a foundational resource for students and practitioners in the fields of agricultural sciences, animal husbandry, and rural development. With a clear, structured approach, this book introduces readers to the fundamental principles of economics while applying them to real-world scenarios in the livestock and agriculture sectors.Beginning with the evolution of economic thought, the book contrasts traditional and modern perspectives, exploring both positive and normative economics. It defines and contextualizes essential economic terms, building a strong conceptual foundation for learners.Key microeconomic principles such as the theory of demand, utility, marginal analysis, supply, costs, and production theories are discussed in detail. The book also examines the four factors of production—land, labour, capital, and entrepreneurship—with specific attention to their role in livestock-based enterprises.Through practical examples, economic models, and simplified explanations, this textbook equips students with the analytical tools to: Understand market dynamics Evaluate livestock production systems Assess resource use efficiency Make informed economic decisions in farming and agribusiness This book is ideal for undergraduate students of agricultural economics, veterinary sciences, and agribusiness management, as well as extension professionals and development planners seeking to integrate economic thinking into livestock-related sectors. It provides a bridge between theoretical economics and the practical realities of rural and livestock-based economies