This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental concepts of forest seed science, focusing on the pivotal role of seeds in forestry and afforestation programs. It emphasizes the importance of quality seeds for increasing forest cover to meet environmental and livelihood objectives. Addressing key aspects such as seed harvesting, collection, storage, viability, and certification, the book underscores the scientific principles essential for germplasm conservation and successful afforestation. Designed to cater to the growing demand for quality seeds and to overcome challenges in seed processing, this volume serves as an invaluable resource for students and professionals. It offers insights into seed testing and certification processes, ensuring the production and storage of high-quality seeds. With a clear focus on foundational knowledge, this book is an essential guide for understanding the science behind forest seed production and its application in sustainable forestry.