Robert George Seale (born October 22, 1936) is an African American revolutionary, political activist and author. Seale is widely known for co-founding the Marxist–Leninist and black power political organization the Black Panther Party (originally called the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) with fellow activist Huey P. Newton to monitor police activities and challenge police brutality in black communities, first in Oakland, California, and later in cities throughout the United States. Seale was also one of the "Chicago Eight" defendants, charged by the US government with conspiracy charges related to anti-Vietnam War protests in Chicago during the 1968 Democratic National Convention, later called the "Chicago seven" when Seale's case was severed from the other defendants. After which, the government declined to retry Seale on the conspiracy charges, and he was never convicted in the case.