This collection of contributions, authored by renowned international experts and practitioners and based on presentations delivered at the Sanremo Round Table, examines some of the most complex and significant aspects of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Held on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the ratification of the Geneva Conventions in 1949, the 47th Sanremo Round Table explored the evolution of, and current compliance with, IHL provisions worldwide. The event brought together academics, legal advisors, humanitarian actors, and senior military officials for a series of six thematic sessions, examining the historical roots, contemporary implementation, and latest challenges to the respect of its key rules.