This book argues although peace in the KRI has lasted for over a quarter-century, it remains a form of negative peace due to weak institutions. Achieving positive peace requires addressing political, legal, and security challenges

It examines the factors that have shaped both the stability and fragility of peace settlements since the 1998 Washington Agreement. By combining theoretical models with in-depth empirical data, the book explores the interplay of power-sharing, economic development, and third-party intervention—arguing that these elements are pivotal to the durability of peace settlements in post-conflict societies.

To secure a lasting and positive peace, the KRI must confront deeply rooted political, legal, and military challenges that continue to undermine progress. This includes establishing political and legal accountability and depoliticizing the Kurdish armed forces. Such a transition requires not only genuine political will and committed internal reforms, but also sustained international support to prevent future armed conflict and lay the foundation for a stable and prosperous KRI.