This book is the outcome of a research project directed by Natalino Ronzitti, to explore the current status and future prospects of international humanitarian law of air warfare. This is achieved through the analysis of international customary law, the conventional provisions in force and the most recent State practice. As the most recent conflicts suggest, air warfare has known an exponential growth. However, even a rapid analysis of the international humanitarian law applicable to air warfare shows a defective and fragmentary situation. This book will fill the current gap that exists in legal literature and will critically review and evaluate recent State practice.