This book traces the pivotal role Jung played in reframing Buddhist thought as a psychological tradition, a shift that continues to influence contemporary interpretations of meditation, mindfulness, and the self. Exploring both the historical context of Jung’s engagement with Buddhism and its lasting impact, this book examines how his theories of individuation, the collective unconscious, and psychological typology resonated with Buddhist thought. It also critically assesses the diverse ways Buddhism has been psychologized, from ethical philosophy to modern therapeutic practice. By positioning Buddhism as a “science of the unconscious,” this volume discusses how Jung’s ideas helped bridge Eastern philosophy and Western psychology, offering a new framework for understanding Buddhist doctrine. A vital contribution to Buddhist studies and the history of psychology, this book offers fresh insights for scholars, students, and practitioners alike.