Since the first American colonial colleges, higher education has served the nation as an arbiter of knowledge, conduit of democratic idealism, and producer of leaders, workers, and innovation. As the nation changed alongside world events and technological advancement, postsecondary institutions supported growth, met demands from the public and private sectors as well as states and the federal government, heeding a call to perpetuate the US’s position among nations as the undisputed world leader. This was most evident in the immediate post World War II era, with roots established much earlier. Each chapter in this work focuses on a moment of crisis in American history that involves the relationship of higher education to national goals. This work aims to fill a gap in the history of higher education and further our understanding of how an institution so appreciated in times of greatness can be rebranded by critics as negligent and harmful to national goals.