Containing the proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Christianity Archaeology, these four volumes present 70 papers that discuss what archaeology tells us about how, when, and where Christianity emerged on the periphery of the late Roman world. They explore relations between center and periphery and look at the issue of the continuity between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. They do so from an overarching archaeological perspective (volume 1), through a series of regional approaches (volume 2), from a thematic angle (volume 3) and by way of a set of case studies (volume 4). Presenting new insights into architectural, artistic, iconographic, and epigraphic materials from all over the late antique Roman Empire, this data-driven book adds to our understanding of one of the sweeping societal transformations in European and Mediterranean history.