This book provides a comparative analysis of how Egypt and Saudi Arabia have framed Islamism as a security threat to consolidate power. Using securitisation theory, it explores how both regimes systematically criminalise Islamist movements—blurring the line between political opposition and extremism—to justify sweeping authoritarian measures. It exposes the far-reaching implications of this securitisation for governance, civil liberties and human rights by examining mass incarcerations, legal restrictions and state-controlled narratives. Situating these practices within broader global security and counterterrorism discourses, the book highlights how securitisation reinforces authoritarian resilience and shapes international perceptions of political Islam. It critiques global support for repressive policies enacted under the guise of counterterrorism and advocates for inclusive governance that upholds human rights and fosters long-term stability. This book serves as a vital resource for scholars, policymakers and students seeking critical insights into the nexus of security, governance and human rights in the contemporary Middle East.