This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Optimization and Data Science in Industrial Engineering, ODSIE 2024, held in Istanbul, Turkey, during November 7–8, 2024.  The 25 full papers and 1 short paper included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 92 submissions. They were organized into topics such as : Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems in Engineering; Digital Technologies in Healthcare Systems; Smart Supply Chain and Manufacturing Systems; Smart Transportation and Logistics Systems; Data Analytics and Advanced Optimization; and Internet and Mobile Technologies.