The process of election is the cornerstone of any democratic system; it's a device to determine the authority to govern the country for a defined period. Free and fair elections are the heart and soul of the representative form of government and serve as a means of communication between the public and the government. Theme Paper on 'One Nation, One Election' discusses the subtleties of holding simultaneous elections. The paper also brings forth the constitutional and legal provisions for elections, national and international experiences on concurrent elections, the views expressed by various committees on it; and the benefits and challenges of having simultaneous elections.