Understanding the complex interplay between nutrition and child growth continues to challenge pediatricians, neonatologists, and nutrition specialists. This volume provides a rigorous review of recent research on how diet influences linear growth, weight gain, and body composition in children across diverse clinical contexts. Featuring selected peer-reviewed manuscripts published between July 2023 and June 2024, this yearbook offers healthcare professionals critical insights and expert commentary on optimal dietary strategies, interventions for undernutrition, and preventive approaches to promote healthy growth. Contributors present clinical and foundational research exploring the multifaceted role of nutrition in pediatric development. An essential resource for translating research into practice, this volume empowers professionals to engage with the latest advancements in pediatric nutrition and growth science, enhancing their ability to provide effective, evidence-based care for children.