All articles in this book are centered on one theme, i.e., the relations between "socialism" and "market economy" in the process of economic restructuring. This book is focused on one issue as to how to improve and develop China's socialist economic system through means of market economy. Most of the articles selected in this collection are research reports, policy suggestions, and theoretical works that have had a direct impact on China's economic reform and policy-making in the past 30 years. It shows the readers the thinking and elaboration of the reform direction at that time, the interpretation of the central policy, and the theoretical confrontation in the policy exploration, which has important research value, literature value, and theoretical value.