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Iron deficiency anemia is a common condition that occurs when the body lacks sufficient iron to produce hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Iron is an essential mineral needed for the production of hemoglobin, and when levels are low, the body struggles to deliver enough oxygen to its tissues and organs. This can lead to fatigue, weakness, and other health complications.

Iron deficiency anemia can develop gradually and is often caused by insufficient dietary iron intake, poor absorption of iron, or blood loss. It is particularly prevalent in women of childbearing age, children, and pregnant women, as these groups have higher iron needs. However, anyone can be affected by this condition.

The causes of iron deficiency anemia vary. Inadequate iron intake is the most common cause, which can result from diets that are low in iron-rich foods such as red meat, poultry, seafood, and fortified cereals. Additionally, certain health conditions can impair the body's ability to absorb iron, such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, or gastrointestinal surgery. Blood loss, whether due to heavy menstrual periods, gastrointestinal bleeding, or trauma, is another significant cause of iron deficiency anemia.