In an era where the dissemination of knowledge is both an ethical imperative and a contested space, Current Trends in Open Science offers a critical examination of the evolving landscape of academic publishing. Edited by Nicola Cavalli, this volume brings together leading voices to explore the promises and challenges of Open Science, from the transformative potential of Diamond Open Access to the structural reforms necessary for a more equitable and transparent research ecosystem. Through rigorous analysis, contributors dissect the tensions between commercial publishing interests and the scholarly community's push for greater autonomy, shedding light on policy frameworks, infrastructure needs, and cultural shifts required for meaningful change. Whether interrogating Italy's stalled progress on Open Science or advocating for a publishing model driven by academic values rather than profit motives, this book is an essential resource for researchers, policymakers, and advocates committed to the future of knowledge as a public good.