This audiobook is narrated by a digital voice.

Anemia is a condition that occurs when the body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry adequate oxygen to the tissues. This seemingly simple deficiency can lead to complex and far-reaching consequences, particularly for women. Understanding what anemia is, how it develops, and why it disproportionately affects women is the first step toward addressing a public health issue that has remained in the shadows for far too long.

At its core, anemia is not a disease but a symptom of an underlying issue. There are various types of anemia, each with its own cause and implications. The most common form is iron-deficiency anemia, which occurs when the body lacks sufficient iron to produce hemoglobin. Other types include vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, folate deficiency anemia, and anemia of chronic disease. Women are especially vulnerable due to biological factors such as menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth, which increase the body's demand for iron and other nutrients. In many parts of the world, these biological demands are not met with adequate nutrition or medical care, leading to widespread cases of undiagnosed and untreated anemia.

Globally, anemia affects an estimated one in three women, with the highest rates occurring in low- and middle-income countries. However, it is a mistake to think of anemia as a problem confined to poorer regions. Even in high-income nations, women face unique challenges that contribute to the development and persistence of anemia. From heavy menstrual bleeding to restrictive diets and chronic health conditions, the risk factors are varied and complex. Cultural stigmas around menstruation and health taboos further prevent many women from seeking timely diagnosis and treatment.