This book applies multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches to facilitate sustainable consumption and production. Sustainable consumption and production not only focuses on the economic prosperity but also pays great attention to environmental protection and social justice, in order to promote sustainable development. In such context, most 'material' can be deemed as 'hazardous' at any stage of their lifecycle, i.e., from extraction to final disposal, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics, may cause, or pose a substantial or potential hazard to human health or the environment. Through the application of system theory, game theory, optimization theory, as well as various computational approaches, this book helps engineers/ policy makers to identify solutions or mitigation strategies to reduce environmental impact associated with consumption and production. It is essential reading for students, researchers, policy makers as well as those with a wider interest in environmental science and sustainable development.