The formation of the European Union (EU) is the result of decades of political, economic, and social evolution, shaped by the aftermath of two World Wars and the desire for long-lasting peace and prosperity in Europe. The idea of a united Europe emerged from the devastation of the Second World War, with leaders recognizing that unity among European nations could prevent future conflicts and create a foundation for collective economic growth.

The origins of European integration can be traced back to the 1950s, following the end of World War II. The primary motivation was the need to secure peace and ensure stability in a continent scarred by war. The first major step in the process was the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951. The ECSC, established by the six founding members—Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany—was a pioneering effort in economic cooperation. By pooling coal and steel production, the ECSC aimed to make war between these countries materially impossible, as it would require the cooperation of nations whose economies were intertwined.

The next pivotal moment came in 1957, with the signing of the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community (EEC). The Treaty of Rome sought to deepen economic cooperation and foster a common market, removing trade barriers, creating a customs union, and enabling the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people. This was a significant step towards realizing the vision of a unified Europe.