Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. At its core, chemistry seeks to understand the properties, composition, and structure of substances, as well as the transformations they experience. This foundational chapter introduces the basic principles that form the bedrock of all chemical knowledge and sets the stage for a deeper exploration of the subject.

The scientific method is the first crucial concept in understanding chemistry. It is a systematic approach used by scientists to explore observations, formulate hypotheses, conduct experiments, and ultimately draw conclusions. In chemistry, this method helps chemists test theories about matter, ensuring that the field continues to evolve based on evidence and new discoveries. Through observation, experimentation, and analysis, chemists have been able to uncover the fundamental laws that govern chemical behavior.

Matter, the substance of everything around us, is central to chemistry. It is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter exists in different forms or states—solid, liquid, and gas—and can change from one state to another through physical or chemical processes. These transformations are governed by the principles of chemistry, which explain how substances interact, combine, and react with each other. Understanding matter's structure and behavior is key to understanding chemical reactions and the world around us.