The study of materials at the nanoscale, characterized by their exceptional physicochemical properties, and their interactions with biological systems have greatly impacted the healthcare sector and the pharmaceutical industry. This book is more than just a compilation of nanomaterials used for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. It starts by tracing the historical trajectory of the nanomedicine field, charting its evolution to the present day. This is followed by two additional introductory chapters, one offering an overview of clinically approved nanoformulations for human use and another contextualizing the current landscape of infectious diseases. Subsequent chapters delve into the utilization of nanotherapeutics in the treatment and prevention of infections caused by various pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi). The book also features focused chapters on COVID-19 and malaria, illustrating how nanotherapeutics contribute to the clinical management of these prevalent global health priorities.