Victimization is a complex and multifaceted process that occurs when an individual or group is subjected to harm, oppression, or injustice. It is not merely the result of a singular event but often an ongoing experience shaped by societal structures, personal relationships, and systemic forces. Understanding victimization requires examining both the immediate and long-term effects on those who suffer, as well as the roles played by perpetrators, bystanders, and institutions that enable or prevent such harm.

At its core, victimization involves the exercise of power and control, where one party imposes harm—whether physical, psychological, emotional, or financial—upon another. This harm can be intentional, as in cases of abuse, assault, or discrimination, or unintentional, where systems and structures create disadvantages that lead to victimhood. The process of victimization is not always overt; it can be subtle, embedded within social norms, policies, and expectations that gradually erode a person's autonomy, dignity, and sense of self-worth.

One of the key challenges in defining victimization lies in the perception of victims themselves. Some individuals openly recognize and acknowledge their victim status, while others may resist the label due to fear, shame, or social stigma. Society often imposes expectations on victims—either portraying them as weak and helpless or, conversely, blaming them for their circumstances. This duality can make it difficult for individuals to seek support or justice, reinforcing cycles of suffering and silence.