The Battle of Hastings, fought on October 14, 1066, is one of the most pivotal moments in English history. It marked the end of Anglo-Saxon rule in England and the beginning of Norman dominance. The battle was the culmination of a series of events that began with the death of King Edward the Confessor, which left England without a clear successor to the throne. What followed was a brutal and decisive conflict between two powerful claimants to the throne: Harold Godwinson, the Saxon contender, and William, the Duke of Normandy, who would later become known as William the Conqueror.

In the decades leading up to the battle, England had been a nation shaped by Viking invasions and internal power struggles. The Anglo-Saxon period was a time of relative stability, but Edward the Confessor's death left a void in leadership. His death without a direct heir created a contentious struggle over the throne, and three major figures emerged as contenders: Harold Godwinson, who was elected by the Witenagemot, England's council of nobles; William of Normandy, who claimed that Edward had promised him the throne; and Harald Hardrada, the King of Norway, who also staked a claim based on his ties to previous Viking rulers of England. The political landscape was in turmoil, and England's future hung in the balance.