In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, the Soviet Union emerged as a bold experiment in socialist governance. The promise of equality, worker empowerment, and rapid industrial advancement stirred hope among the masses, particularly in a country long plagued by aristocratic rule and widespread poverty. Following Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924, the Soviet Union stood at a crossroads. Competing visions of the nation's future vied for dominance, but it was Joseph Stalin who would seize the reins of power and chart a course that would forever change the fate of the Soviet people.

Stalin was not initially seen as Lenin's most likely successor. Quiet and often underestimated, he used his position as General Secretary to quietly build alliances, marginalize rivals, and install loyalists in key positions. Through political maneuvering and calculated ruthlessness, he eliminated opposition, including figures like Leon Trotsky, who posed significant ideological challenges to his authority. By the end of the 1920s, Stalin had effectively become the uncontested leader of the Soviet Union.

With Stalin's rise came a dramatic shift in the nation's priorities. While Lenin's New Economic Policy had allowed for a degree of private enterprise and economic flexibility, Stalin viewed such policies as a betrayal of Marxist principles. He replaced them with a command economy, aiming to accelerate industrialization and bring agriculture under state control. This transition was not merely economic—it was deeply ideological. Stalin envisioned a centralized Soviet state capable of projecting power, crushing resistance, and transforming society through sheer force of will.