Transhumanism is often understood by scientific and technological enthusiasts as an expression of the innate human desire to excel, to develop one’s faculties and abilities to become better adapted to face adversities of the outside environment. On the other hand, it may also be perceived as a potentially proud attempt on the side of fragile humans to become more independent, invulnerable, and even immortal. Our book discusses both the unique opportunities as well as unprecedented challenges of transhumanism, using the expertise of international scholars from diverse cultural and academic backgrounds.