In the 'Decade of Healthy Ageing' (UN/WHO), this collection of essays contains interdisciplinary contributions by authors from African and European cultures who address questions about the situation of old people in the past and present, comparing the situation of men and women and focussing on their protection and care within society. While at first glance it appears that the phenomena in the 'young' African countries are completely different from those in European countries, there is a certain convergence between the continents. The challenges of migration, globalisation and the climate crisis are triggering social transformation processes that are weakening older traditions. The focus is on the dissolution of the extended family and the associated loss of the stabilising function within the framework of the so-called intergenerational contract. This development triggers crises. However, new models for organising old age are also developing. Old people are finding new ways to organise their lives.