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This essay sheds light on what is a population decline in a population, demystifies what causes the occurrence of a population decline in a population, and delineates the problems with the occurrence of a population decline in a population. Succinctly stated, a population decline in a population is a term that delineates a contraction in the size of a population. A reduction in the size of a population transpires when the members of a population pass away at a higher rate than the rate at which the new members of a population are born at. The natality-to-mortality ratio refers to a ratio that states the birth rate of a population to the death rate of a population amid a specific time period. A contracting population has low natality-to-mortality ratio. A high natality-to-mortality ratio denotes that a population has more of its members being born than passing away, whereas a low natality-to-mortality ratio denotes that a population has more of its members passing away than being born. Furthermore, a high natality-to-mortality ratio also denotes that a population is increasing, whereas a low natality-to-mortality ratio denotes that a population is decreasing. The rate at which a contracting population decreases at can be offset by the rate at which the new members of a population are being born at. A population has the latent potential to attain a high natality-to-mortality ratio. It is desirable for a population to have a natality rate that is high enough to surpass its mortality rate. A significant amplification in the quantity of the members of a population being born can have bearing on helping a population to attain a high natality-to-mortality ratio. Furthermore, a significant amplification in the average life expectancy of the members of a population can also have bearing on helping a population to attain a high natality-to-mortality ratio.