Urban sociology is the study of social life, interactions, and institutions within cities and urban areas. As the global population continues to urbanize, understanding the social dynamics of cities has become increasingly important. Urban sociology examines how cities evolve, how people experience urban life, and how social, economic, and political forces shape urban environments. From towering metropolises to small urban centers, cities function as hubs of economic activity, cultural exchange, and political power. They also reflect and reinforce social inequalities, providing a unique lens through which to study contemporary social issues.

The development of urban sociology as a discipline emerged in response to the rapid urbanization of the 19th and 20th centuries. Industrialization transformed rural societies into urban ones, drawing millions of people into cities in search of economic opportunities. Early sociologists, such as Georg Simmel, studied how urban life altered human interactions, emphasizing the psychological impact of living in densely populated environments. The Chicago School of Sociology, led by scholars like Robert Park and Louis Wirth, further explored urban life by analyzing migration, social organization, and spatial patterns. Their work laid the foundation for modern urban sociology by introducing key concepts such as social ecology and urban subcultures.